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- $Unique_ID{BRK04163}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Q Fever}
- $Subject{Q Fever Q Fever Pneumonia Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Epidemic
- Typhus Murine Typhus Pneumonia}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 621:
- Q Fever
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Q Fever) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Q Fever Pneumonia
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Epidemic Typhus
- Murine Typhus
- Pneumonia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Q Fever is an infectious disease that is caused by contact with animals
- who have the parasitic Rickettsia bacteria, Coxiella burnetii. Major
- symptoms may include headache, fever, chills, and sweats.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Q Fever patients may have headaches, fevers, chills, sweats, coughing, and
- inflammation of the lungs (pneumonitis). They may also experience excessive
- tiredness (fatigue), muscle pain (myalgia), chest pain, sore throat, nausea,
- vomiting, and diarrhea. Prolonged Q Fever may result in inflammation and
- enlargement of the liver (hepatitis, hepatomegaly) with upper right abdominal
- pain, fever, fatigue, and yellowing of the skin (jaundice). Inflammation of
- the lining of the heart (endocarditis) may also occur.
-
- Causes
-
- The Q Fever bacteria infects cats, rats, rabbits, cattle, sheep,
- goats, and ticks. People who inhale the bacteria from an infected animal
- (especially one giving birth) may become infected and show signs of Q Fever
- after an incubation period of 9 to 39 days. In Canada the most common cause
- of Q Fever is exposure to a cat or her kittens at the time of birth. Q Fever
- can also be transmitted by inhaling contaminated aerosols (material from
- spray cans), working in a slaughterhouse, drinking unpasteurized milk,
- hunting, slaughtering or dressing infected animals. People may also become
- infected from the bite of an infected tick.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Q Fever effects males and females in equal numbers and occurs worldwide.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Q Fever.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is an infectious disease that is
- caused by contact with a parasitic Rickettsial bacteria (Rickettsia
- rickettsii). People can develop RMSF after being bitten by an infected tick.
- After an incubation period of 2 to 12 days, fever with a rash starting on the
- hands and feet and spreading to the rest of the body may occur. Headache,
- dulled senses (stupor), chills, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and
- abdominal pain may occur. The patient may experience muscle tenderness and
- pain, extreme sensitivity to light (photophobia), and infection of the lining
- of the eyelid and exposed surfaces of the eyeball (conjunctiva). Rocky
- Mountain Spotted Fever is found in North, Central, and South America. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Rocky Mountain" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Epidemic Typhus is an infectious Rickettsial disease caused by the
- parasitic bacteria, Rickettsia prowazekii. It is transmitted to people by
- infected body lice. Symptoms of Epidemic Typhus are similar to those of
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever except the rash usually spares the palms of the
- hands and soles of the feet, but patients may experience a deeper stupor and
- more tiredness. Epidemic Typhus is found worldwide but is more common in
- warm climates with poor sanitation.
-
- Murine Typhus is an infectious Rickettsial disease caused by the
- parasitic bacteria, Rickettsia typhi (mooseri). Murine Typhus is transmitted
- to people by a bite from an infected rat flea. Symptoms of Murine Typhus are
- usually milder than Epidemic Typhus. Murine Typhus occurs worldwide,
- especially in warm climates with poor sanitation.
-
- Pneumonia is a common lung infection that can be caused by bacteria,
- virus, or fungi. Common symptoms are headaches, fevers, chills, sweats,
- coughing, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, and in children, convulsions. There
- may be an increase in breathing and pulse rate.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Diagnosis of Q Fever can be confirmed by tests for antibodies (specific
- substances produced by the body to fight off foreign substances-antigens) to
- the Q Fever bacteria. Tetracyclines and other antibiotics may be used to
- treat Q Fever. Some Q Fever patients may improve without treatment, while
- others will get more intensely ill in the absence of treatment.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Researchers are trying to develop a vaccine for Q Fever. People who work
- with animals or in a slaughterhouse would be prime candidates for this
- vaccine.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- August 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Q Fever, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 1629-1634.
-
- POKER PLAYERS' PNEUMONIA: AN URBAN OUTBREAK OF Q FEVER FOLLOWING
- EXPOSURE TO A PARTURIENT CAT: Joanne M. Langley, et al.; N Engl J Med
- (August 11, 1988: issue 319(6)). Pp. 354-356.
-
- Q FEVER: CURRENT CONCEPTS: L.A. Sawyer et al.; Rev Infect Dis
- (September-October, 1987: issue 9(5)). Pp. 935-946.
-
-